Synthesis of carbon nanotubes..

A material much stronger than steel , enduring a 6400 kilo load over a square millimetre area, which is a few strands of hair thick, this is amazing owing to being lighter than steel. Wonder material and amazing properties. link : watch

Steel making Using oxygen .

Steel making Using oxygen .

Working of a wire drawing machine.

funda:

Ductile Solids Deform permanently under high stress.

Solids of a given mass occupy a fixed space , at given conditions.

Fact exploited: Plastic deformation of a metal , under a given load.

Machine used : drum roller arrangement, with extrusion die made of tungsten carbide.

Considerations:

1. Die must withstand, astronomically high pressures.

2. Loading action , must be subtle and gradual.

3. Hydrostatic pressures, add to leverage in wire drawing.

Wire drawing is a simple concept, that involves pulling a wire of larger diameter , through a die.
a metal rod of 30 mm dia , is shrunk to 12mm with the help of a hammer or a heavy object.

The hammering on a metal rod, reduces a portion of the rods sia, this just fits into a die, and a huge thrust is acted upon this portion gradually, reducing the dia of the wire and increasing its length.

Elongation by application of tensile stress and forced cross sectional reduction.

Considering this as an extrusion process , modelling can be done this way.

As one can see the region between B andC, is exploited for plastic deformation.

aconstant pressure of 45 Kpsi , must be exerted to get considerable deformation.

This translated literally to about 3170 Kg/sq cm pressure, this kind of high pressure , must be generated to initiate wire drawing.

A pulling force can be generated , either by hanging such a large weight tied to the wire.

or this magnitude, is generated by a hydraulic jack arrangement.

Related link: watch wire drawing online

Nokia Corporation:

AFinnish multinational headquartered at Kielanimei, close to Helsinki . It majors in telecommunications, manufacturing mobile handsets. The net revenue of the mnc totals to 41 billion, the current CEO being Jorma Ollila.

From a small groundwood pupl mill, in 1865, nokia has risen over years to its present position as the world's largest telecommunications major.

Nokia 's stynt with electronics , was in the year 1960 when its first pulse analyser was designed, to be used in nuke power plants.

Then networking innovations include nokia DX 200 used , in telephone exchanges.

Then in the year 1981 , mobira cityman 150 , was invented , which was the first carphone.

Over time, after entering manufacturing of personal computers, nokia eventually emerged with the new generation cell phones, communication revolution.

skoda laura

comes in three levels

1. laura laurinte and clemente

2.laura elegance

3. laura ambiente

engine types are three for each genre

engine type 1: 1.8 tsI/ 118 kw turbocharged petrol engine, liquid cooled. 16 v dohc. di engine

engine type 2: 2.0 tdi/ 81 kw diesel engine.self aligning blades equipped turbocharger, high press di engine

engine type 3: 2.0 tdi / 103 kw. diesel engine high press di engine.

first car has displacement of 1798 cc, the other two have 1968 cc of engine capacity each.

max torque 1: 250 NM from 1500-4500 rpm 1.8 tsi model

max torque 2: 250nm , 1500-2500 rpm 81kw 2 tdi model

max torque third model: 1750-2500 rpm 103 kw 2.0 tdi model

wheel drive : front wheel drive

transmission type:

1.8 tsi has manual 6 speed

2.0 tdi 81kw has 5 speed manual

2.0 tdi 103kw: 6 speed automatic

steering type : direct rack and pinion type, with electromechanically assisted power steering.

brakes:

front: disc brakes with inner cooling

rear: normal disc brakes.

power :

model 1: 118 kw from 4500-6200 rpm

model 2: 81kw at 4200 rpm

model 3: 103 kw 4000 rpm.

links:

buy laura

skodaauto

the start end model of diesel engine models of figo.

it has a decent 14 kmpl mileage on roads, easily averages to 13 after repeated use.quite a decent mileage for a vehicle of domestic use. its mileage shows an mazing 18 kmpl on highways too , not so much a highway use vehicle.

the awesome 1.4 l 50.7 bhp power engine serves an adrenalin to car enthusiasts , as it gives the car an amazing pick up .

the car has a fairly large torque of 160 nm , pretty large for a city purpose vehicle.

priced at a decent 4,72,900 showroom price, for a ford brand it is quite a fair deal .

air conditioners, power windows and power steering included.

the electronic mirror adjustment is a new feature, this model has a spacious interior seating 5 ppl including the driver comfortably.

fuel tank capacity is higher than average at about 45 litres. it has a cd player and gear transmission is manual.

a little on the noisier side, but better than the other diesel cars available now.

links:

buyfigo

fordfigo

links: link1

link2

high on the engine power audi q7 gives a whopping 280 hp , the car shoots to 60 mph in 7 secs from rest.

handling this bird is definitely a challenge, the engine is a massive 3.6 litre v6 engine, powerful for an suv.

transmission being 6 speed automatic.
A spacious vehicle, always an option for large families, can seat seven at ease.

the mercedes f 700

it is a concept vehicle introduced in the berlin fair.

unconventional yet classy and dynamic, brings into picture a new breed of mercedes brand at its hight.

the engine or powerhouse id a rare diesetto engine powered by the spark of petrol, and also the compression in diesel vehicle.

this has a 1.8 liter four cylinder engine with a fantastic low carbon emission of 127 g per km of drive.

putting the contemporaries at bay by its unique low emiision feature. it throttles up to a 5oonm torque and powers to 238 bhp.

it uses electric motor to turn on or off the engine instead of the conventional flywheel. as far as price is concerned it is yet undisclosed, but is slated to a skyrocketting 11 crore rupees and above. as of now it is a disappointment for the elite , willing to buy this machine.

links : link1

link2

volkswagen polo

this is new variant , about the first time ever volkswagen has dared to launch a car at astunning on road price starting at rs 4,34,700 . the car has a 5 speed manual gear transmission , a whopping 110 nm torque. boasting of an incredibly powerful engine delivering 5400 rpm. it can generate the power of 110nm at 5400 for 75 ps, which is good.

the engine is 1.2 l 3 cylinder type , one of the only sedans to have a 3 cylinder engine.

the prices of higher end polos whop to 7 lacs and above.

the interiors are sleek , unique german engine design assures quality despite its odds from a normal engine.

delivering 100 kmph in 14 seconds sharp , this goes well on indian roads .

links:

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volkswagen

the honda engine profile.

An authentic japanese engine design , suited for roads across the gloge.

watch how they work , how they look

links:

hondaengine

kseriesengine

the car engine profile.

most four wheelers rely on four stroke engines, whcih encompass the latest technology to boost the effeciency , and give the engine its air . the engine power is the automobile owner's pride.

higher the pick up higher the torque better the engine is. this hold good until an optimum mileage is under consideration.

in essence any heat engine, which is the heart of a machine or a working element. has to be fueled.

for that in any case it needs a source of energy. that very source of energy has to be something other than a mechanical energy source. i.e. a source that supplies energy through means like spring or a powered shaft , motor, should,nt be considered the power source.

a power source is ideally heat and sometimes electricity.

in most engines used in vehicles the ultimate source of energy is chemical energy .

heat energy is the intermediate state. this heat energy pressurises a fluid, that can be vaporized gasoline created during combustion or steam. fluid under high pressure and temperature is capable of driving a cam/piston / turbine.

the power of any engine fundamentally depends on the amount of heat energy generated at the source, which in turn depends on the temperature of the source.

the fluid coming out of the pump ( turbine / piston cylinder) is lower in energy than the fluid that enters the pump.

this means , the loss is completely converted to useful mechanical work , or power.

links :

engine

video