Synthesis of carbon nanotubes..

A material much stronger than steel , enduring a 6400 kilo load over a square millimetre area, which is a few strands of hair thick, this is amazing owing to being lighter than steel. Wonder material and amazing properties. link : watch

Steel making Using oxygen .

Steel making Using oxygen .

Working of a wire drawing machine.

funda:

Ductile Solids Deform permanently under high stress.

Solids of a given mass occupy a fixed space , at given conditions.

Fact exploited: Plastic deformation of a metal , under a given load.

Machine used : drum roller arrangement, with extrusion die made of tungsten carbide.

Considerations:

1. Die must withstand, astronomically high pressures.

2. Loading action , must be subtle and gradual.

3. Hydrostatic pressures, add to leverage in wire drawing.

Wire drawing is a simple concept, that involves pulling a wire of larger diameter , through a die.
a metal rod of 30 mm dia , is shrunk to 12mm with the help of a hammer or a heavy object.

The hammering on a metal rod, reduces a portion of the rods sia, this just fits into a die, and a huge thrust is acted upon this portion gradually, reducing the dia of the wire and increasing its length.

Elongation by application of tensile stress and forced cross sectional reduction.

Considering this as an extrusion process , modelling can be done this way.

As one can see the region between B andC, is exploited for plastic deformation.

aconstant pressure of 45 Kpsi , must be exerted to get considerable deformation.

This translated literally to about 3170 Kg/sq cm pressure, this kind of high pressure , must be generated to initiate wire drawing.

A pulling force can be generated , either by hanging such a large weight tied to the wire.

or this magnitude, is generated by a hydraulic jack arrangement.

Related link: watch wire drawing online